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Part K02 ; Excerpts from The Department of State Bulletin,

Vol XVI, No 402 Publication 2779, March 16, 1947,

 from  Sources Consulted for O ral Hist Project:

Jack and Wanda; Wanda and Jack: Parallel Lives

 

Abbreviation

Sources

 

 

 

Historical Context Subject Mater 1920-1950

 

 

 

 

K02

DSB2779

The Department of State Bulletin, Vol XVI, No 402 Publication 2779, March 16, 1947, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

·         Austin, Warren R. Excerpt from a speech on the United Nations and “The Goal of Collective Security” by US Representative to the Untied Nations given to the Overseas Press club in NY

  • Charnow, John  J.. Department of State account of the establishment of  The International Children’s Emergency Fund UNICEF.
  • Excerpt  from  Senate consideration for the Peace Treaties with Italy, Bulgaria Rumania and Hungary including the two statements from the former and new Secretary of State.
  • Truman, Harry S.. Excerpt from the speech of the USA President Truman  in Mexico where he outlined his “Good Neighbor Policy” subtitled An Application of Democracy to International Affairs
  • Truman, Harry S.  Excerpts form The USA President Truman’s speech on “Peace, Freedom and World Trade” at Baylor University in WACO Tex

 

Originally appeared as annex  C of akp99013.rft: 

 

The Department of State bulletin Vol XVL, No 402 . Publication 2779, March 16 1947

 

The International Children’s Emergency Fund by John  J. Charnow

 -              “structurally,  it illustrates the flexibility of the charter in allowing for development of new organizational forms to meet the emerging needs in the social field. Functionally, it establishes the role of the United Nations beyond that of information, research, and advisory services to what the Temporary Social Commission in its report last June called “practical help” in promoting solutions of international social problems” p.466

 

-               The US representative expressed the general sentiment  “…that this is not the liquidation of UNRRA, but changing  of some of its functions, a casting of the mantle let us say of UNRRA . or pieces of that mantle, upon others who can carry on and develop as needs and conditions indicate and require, those fine things which UNRRA began…..brought to the attention of the Economic and Social Council at its Third Session in September 1946 by Director-General La Guardia. P.467

 

-               UNICEF “..constitutes the first instance of the creation of a grant-in-aid program for material assistance and an organizational form in the social field not specifically envisaged in the Charter.

 

-               the fundamental concept that primary responsibility for child-welfare programs lies with the national governments. Within each country the responsibility rests with appropriate governmental authorities, voluntary agencies and individual citizens.

 

-               the purpose …..[of UNCEF is] …essentially one of providing sufficient supplementary assistance, where needed, to make national programs of child welfare a reality……the most urgent problem is that of securing for children  at least the minimum nutritional supplement necessary to starve off the worst ravages of malnutrition.

 

-               The Economic and Social Council resolution limited the scope of the Fund to children and adolescents of countries, which were victims of aggression. As a result of United States initiative in the Third committee, the scope of the Fund was broadened to include children of countries receiving UNRRA aid and children in all countries “For child health purposes generally” with priority given to children of countries victims of aggression.” P. 468

 

-               the Executive Director of the Fund, Maurice Pate, Was appointed on January 8, 1947 by the Secretary-General of the United Nations after consultation with Executive Board of the Fund. Mr. Pate, an American businessman, was wartime director of the Prisoners of War Relief Section of the American Red Cross and accompanied Herbert Hover on his missions to Europe after both World Wars.

 

-               “proposals from governments must give assurances that provision will be made for equitable and efficient distribution of assistance on the basis of need, without discrimination because of race, creed, nationality status or political belief…” p.470

 

-               “all these plans and projects [of the Fund] will be mere empty gestures , however unless the Fund is provided with the resources it will need for its operations.” P. 492

 

NOTE: That Department of State account of the establishment of UNICEF is considered by some to be the start of the documentation of UNICEF’s History project. J. Charnow later joined UNICEF, became the Secretary to the UNCEF Executive Board and eventually spearheaded a History Project to coincide with the 40th anniversary of UNICEF in 1986.

 

 

Excerpt form the speech of the USA President in Mexico where he outlined his “Good Neighbor Policy” subtitled An Application of Democracy to International Affairs;

-               The task of achieving permanent peace and security for all mankind is not easy, but I am certain that permanent peace and security are the goal of all peoples everywhere….peace as a common objective, I refuse to be discouraged by apparent difficulties. Difficulties are a challenge to men of determination. P.498

 

-               Non intervention does not and cannot mean indifference to what goes on beyond our own borders. Events in one country have a profound effect in other countries. The community of nations feels concern at the violation of accepted principles of national behavior by any one of its members. The lawlessness of one nation may threaten the very existence of the law on which all nations depend. P.490

 

Excerpt  from  Senate consideration for the Peace Treaties with Italy, Bulgaria Rumania and Hungary including the two statements from the former and new Secretary of State.

 

 -              After a great war it is never easy for allies to avoid a serious disagreement among them and to agree upon a common peace.  They become acutely, and frequently in an exaggerated degree conscious of differences which were submerged during the common struggle for survival. They find it difficult to realize that common sacrifices are as necessary to achieve peace as they are to achieve military victory p. 486

 

 -              …recommendations of the Paris conference adopted by a two-thirds vote of nations, which actively participated in the European war.  That is the kind of international cooperation, which we must encourage if we are to build an enduring peace. P. 486

 

-               The soviet representative opposed the proposal and the Conference adjourned in compete disagreement.  At Moscow, three months later, the Soviets agreed to hold the peace Conference. P.487

-               Only through the conclusion of a definitive peace can the ex-enemy states resume their sovereign rights and there by accept full responsibility for their own acts in the future, another important step toward the restoration of stable conditions.

 

-               The treaties authorize the ex-enemy states to make application for admission to the United Nations. Once admitted to membership they subscribe to the principles of the

charter and like every other peace-loving state have the right of appeal for the settlement of any problem which might affect their peace and security.  They will have the right to take an equal part in resolving this problem.  As a result of such appeals, it is possible that a revision of some of the more onerous clauses might e achieved.

 

-               It should not be overlooked that upon American instance guarantees have been inserted to insure the full exercise of fundamental liberties and human rights to any people transferred to alien sovereignty.

 

-               During the course of negotiations the American Delegation strongly urged the viewpoint that victors should avoid taking steps which would reduce the ex-enemy states to economic chaos. P.489

 

-               the period over which repartitions are to be paid is seven years, including the initial two years during which deliveries from current production are not mandatory.

 

Excerpts form The USA President’s speech on “Peace, Freedom and World Trade” at Baylor University in WACO Tex;

 

-               If we are to live at peace , we must join with other nations in continuing effort to organize the world for peace.  Science and invention have left us no alternative. P. 481

 

-               the members of the United Nations have renounced aggression as a method of settling their political differences

 

-               Certainly nobody won the last economic war. As each battle of the economic war of the thirties was fought, the inevitable tragic result became more an more apparent.  From the tariff policy of Hawley and Smoot, the world went on to Ottawa and the system of imperial preferences, form Ottawa to the kind of elaborate and detailed restrictions adopted by Nazi Germany. Nations strangled normal trade and discriminate against their neighbors, all around the world.

 

-               Who among their peoples were the gainers? Not the depositors who lost their savings in the failures of banks. Not the farmers who lost their farms. Not the millions who walked the streets looking for work. I do not mean to say that economic conflict was the sole cause for the depression. But I do say that it was major cause.

 

-               for through history freedom of worship and freedom of speech have been most frequently enjoyed in those societies that have accorded a considerable measure of freedom to individual enterprise. Freedom has flourished where power has been dispersed. It has languished where power has been too highly centralized. So our devotion to freedom of enterprise in the United States, has deeper roots that a desire to protect the profits of ownership. It is part and parcel of what we call American.

 

-               The Government does not intend, in the coming negotiations, to eliminate tariffs or establish free trade. All that is contemplated is the reduction of tariffs, the removal of discrimination, ad the achievement not of free trade but of freer trade.

 

-               A speech on the United Nations and “The Goal of Collective Security” by Warren R. Austin [US Representative to the Untied Nations] to the Overseas Press club in NY.

 

-               We must seek constantly for better understanding with our allies. Whatever others do, we must seek always to avoid hysteria and recrimination. We do not need to fear any body. We must seek by our policies to remove fear in others and replace it by confidence. P. 474

 

-               The problem of building collective security has tow inseparable parts: We have to take every measure that lies within our power to remove the fundamental causes of war and to establish conditions of mutual understanding and confidence and economic well-being. Simultaneously we must maintain a suitable military posture to support collective action under the Charter. P. 475