Ref:  MAT2_B02

Part B –2a

2.a    North American Society & Movement

Excerpts & Historical Context: Parallel Lives in Perspective

<<<go back to Paper Table of contents page<<

 

Quotes from interviews of Wanda and Jack

 

Wanda’s Early Life:

 

 We actually moved into Edmonton because our farm had gone under.  Three years in a row we were hailed out.  And it was time for Dede to go into high school.  Because she went into grade nine when we were there.  And it meant she would have to go to Clyde and board with somebody or go to Edmonton and board with somebody.  And my father decided he would get a job in Edmonton and we would go to Edmonton and she would go to high school. – Wanda D. Keefe

 

Wanda with Colleagues  in the Yukon

 

We [Wanda & 3 co-workers: Wink, Jerry & Glenn] are going down the mountain.  And Jerry stands up and she is screaming.  And Wink and Glenn are still trying to maneuver so they can get a hold of the wheel.  And Jerry is screaming.  And I smacked her in the face, and said: shut up! And I'm sitting there going "steer into the side of the mountain!"  And that's how we were stopped; they steered into the side of the mountain. But, it was a horrible experience. – Wanda D. Keefe

 

Jack in the Yukon

 

The Russian subs were there[west coast of North America].  The Russians were up there too because Whitehorse was one of the places they would ship planes to Russia.  They'd [the planes] come to Whitehorse, to Fairbanks and then I suppose they'd jump over.  But I've seen the Russians up there   , I think they had the pilots maybe in Fairbanks, Alaska.  And then they[the Russian Pilots]  would fly them over [to Russia]. I can remember the planes coming through in Whitehorse and I happen to be down at the airfield a couple of times. They would have to check out every thing once they landed.  I can still see the Army mechanics going out there, taking their gloves off.  Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom.  So cold they would put their gloves on again and they'd run back in to get warm.  – Jack Keefe.

 

Wanda as Foreigner entering USA

 

JJK:                 [Wanda went] to Montreal, and when she came back my mother said to her: Wanda what was it like?  Oh, she said, It was just a lot of foreigners and me.

 

WDK:              I was disgusted with how they treated the others -- because there was a lot of Russians coming into the country and a lot of other people coming through.  And they treated me very nicely because I spoke English, I was Canadian.  But some of those people who couldn't speak English, that were coming across, they really treated them like cattle.  And I was telling Mom about how disgusted I was.  And I said: "a terrible way they treated the  foreigners" and his mother started to laugh, she said “what do you think you are?” I said you know, you're right, I never thought of that. (Laughter)

 

Interview Abbreviations:   JJK  =  Jack [John Joseph] Keefe;       WDK  =  Wanda Davis Keefe;      AKK  =  Adhiratha Kevin Keefe

 


 

Table of Contents

 

2.a      North American Society & Movement................................................................................................................. 1

Jack & Wanda's Parents and Relatives................................................................................................................................... 2

Wanda’s Cabinet Maker Father & Great Aunt Athabasca Trail Driver...................................................................................... 3

Wanda's Relatives served in the Civil War]................................................................................................................................. 4

Movement  during Depression and Before War:.................................................................................................................... 4

Selling family furniture to survive during the depression............................................................................................................ 6

People moving, taking odd jobs  “Honey Wagon”, Relief & Welfare.......................................................................................... 7

Wanda's Schooling and sports..................................................................................................................................................... 7

Adjustment From a One room schoolhouse to city /school -WDK............................................................................................ 8

High School Career Planning l  –WDK........................................................................................................................................ 8

Polio, Jack Schooling and Sports Illustrated presentation................................................................................................ 9

Principal wanted Keefe to go to a special school...................................................................................................................... 12

Jack and Wanda’s Yukon Work Experience......................................................................................................................... 12

Midnight Recreation Picnics...................................................................................................................................................... 13

END Note list for B-2................................................................................................................................................................ 13

 

[B-2 Web version Continued in B-02b]

 

Jack & Wanda's Parents and Relatives

Jack and Wanda were raised in America and Canada in the years preceding the Second World War. During the interviews they spoke about their early lives and some of what they knew of their parents and grandparents families. During the Depression years which preceded the Second World War and continuing through the War Years, many families in North America were uprooted as their members went in search of employment. Jack and Wanda both were part of this pattern of travel in search of work. 

 

Some of the interview stories illustrate that Wanda’s family had a history of mobility dating back to before the USA’s Civil War. This family “history” possibly helped prepare her for her own migration. The next section begins with Jack sharing a bit about Wanda's Relatives:

Wanda’s Cabinet Maker Father & Great Aunt Athabasca Trail Driver

[excerpt for full see jw00au14.rtf para 20]

JJK:                 [Wanda's father] started in life as an apprentice cabinetmaker.  As a matter-of-fact we have the cabinet which he made when he was about 14 years of age.  And it was all made with hand tools.  None of the electric tools or anything like that.  And of course he had been a farmer for years near Clyde in Alberta, [Canada].  Most of the family farmed up there, the brothers and sisters and brothers-in-law. In Clyde, everybody knew everyone else. They came from Halfway Lakes.  They were on the Athabasca trail.  And when [Wanda] would tell me about the Athabasca trail, I would think a big wide trail.  It's a little two by four dirt road.  It goes from Alberta up to Athabasca [see map below]. 

 

 

JJK:              One of your grandaunts, [Wanda’s] Aunt Ella, as a youngster was very blond of German extraction.  Her father was a drover and transported material from Edmonton up to Athabasca, along the Athabasca trail.  And this was back in the 1900s.  She would be one of the drivers. She was a kid about 12 to 14.  And I said to her,” Aunt Ella where did you sleep nights?”  And she said: “Oh, we just slept under  the wagons.”  And they got up to Athabasca where there were just Indians. They had never seen a white woman before.  Since she was very blond, they  would rub her hair for luck.  (Chuckle) [Aunt Ella]  came down to New York when she was in your 90s.

 

Wanda’s immediate family lived in western Canada. However a part of the interview shows that Wanda’s Great Great Grandfather was from Tennessee and had been involved in America’s Civil War. His descendants, therefore like many North Americans, obviously had some mobility.

Wanda's Relatives served in the Civil War]

[Except see jk00ap16.doc para 3 & 4

Common Families involved, Great, Great Grandfather/

AKK                What do you think and specifically about how the common families were involved? [in the USA Civil War]

JJK.                 Well we can look at that from the standpoint of your mother's[Wanda’s] family. Her Great, Great Grandfather was a man by the name of Willoughby. He at the time of the Civil War was a slave holder in eastern Tennessee.  But he loved the Union . And when war was declared, he freed all his slaves and then joined the Union forces. He was in a family that was definitely brother against brother. Some members of the family fought for the South. Other members of the family fought for the North. And he fought for the North and was member of the mounted infantry. There was a 19-year-old who signed up for the South - another William Willoughby. And he was in many battles. His last was the battle of Gettysburg.  On the retreat he was captured at 19 years of age. He was imprisoned in the Baltimore area of Maryland and he died in prison. And that was just one member of the family. But there were many, many of them. There was one member who was a Major. He never fired a gun in combat. He was a Major in the Infantry. For the North. He would go into combat only with a Saber, his thinking being if he fired indiscriminately, he might have killed one of his brothers or his cousins. But if he could see you, he could cut your head off and not have to worry. He knew it was no relative. This is your mother's Great, Great grandfather, Willoughby – on her maternal side.

 

 This next section provides excerpts of stories and secondary source comments which may give some of the flavor of the times .

Movement  during Depression and Before War:

Wanda's parents and siblings were similar to others who had to move around during the Depression in order to find work and keep the family together. Jack and Wands were well aware of the devastation

 

[excerpt: see jw00se30.rtf para 15]

 

AKK:               There was a lot of movement during the war too?  People moving across country.  Jobs were better here -- there.

WDK:              Oh Yeah. Well, that had even started before the war.  Because of the Depression.  Whole families were packing up and leaving.

JJK:                 Sure, the Okies [Oklahoman, Texans and others trying to escape the devastation caused by dry weather in the Dust Bowl and farm mechanization]. They  picked up and went to California.

WDK:             The rest of the country, I mean California was very uninhabited for long time until the big storms, the dust storms and everything in Kansas and --

JJK:                 They used to call it the dirty 30s.  The dirty 30s.  Because of the dust storms.

WDK:              The world really changed tremendously with the second world war.  And it was a terrible war but it also changed the whole economy.

 

[jw00se04.doc para 3]

 

AKK:               You lived by yourself.  And then Gwen [Wanda’s Sister] came and joined you when you were working in Edmonton?

 WDK:             Right. When I finished up at the hospital, and went to work on the south side at the Treasury Department.  In the bank.  My mother and father then went up to Lessor Slave Lake. My father got a job working on the highways. What they called the superintendent of the highways at that point?  A big fancy name. All the roads were gravel and he had a grader and he went up-and-down the roads keeping them in shape all the time.

 AKK:              But, it was pretty good pay for that time?

 WDK:             Yeah, for then it was.  And Gwen and June went with them first and then Gwen had to finish high school, so she came and lived with me

 

 

The Davis family had to sell their furniture when times were bad. The Depression was difficult for families in Canada as it was in USA.

Wanda Davis Keefe, Davis Family

Figure 5 = 4.d       1929       Fred, Wanda, Gwen, Wildie & Stanley Davis                The Davis Family before Babe June was born. Wanda's quote - me in t he bee bonnet & knock Knees. At side of family car - model T?

 

Figure 6 = 4e         1931        Dede, June, Stanley, Wildie, Gwen, Wanda, Fred               A candid Shot of the Davis family before they left the farm in Canada

 

Selling family furniture to survive during the depression

[excerpt see jw00se04.doc para 4]

 AKK:              When was the time you told me it was really tough, where you would get some money together and then you would buy back the beds you sold?

 WDK:             0h, that was when we lived in Edmonton when I was growing up.

 AKK:              That was during the Depression?

 WDK:             Very much so.  After we first moved in there.  We actually moved into Edmonton because our farm had gone under.  Three years in a row we were hailed out.  [Hail killed the crops in the field before they could be harvested] And it was time for Dede to go into high school.  Because she went into grade nine when we were there.  And it meant she would have to go to Clyde and board with somebody or go to Edmonton and board with somebody.  And my father decided he would get a job in Edmonton and we would go to Edmonton and she would go to high school.

 AKK:              And at least she wouldn't have to board then too.  And you would be together?

 WDK:             Right, right. And be with the family. And that's why we moved to Edmonton.  My father had different jobs in Edmonton.

 AKK:              And that was pretty common to everyone at that time for what I hear everybody was moving around and...

 WDK:             Oh, yeah!  It was terrible.  Jobs were scarce.  That's when men were really selling apples on street corners.  I even remember that.

 AKK:              All the way up there?  I know in the big cities down here they were, but up there too?

WDK:              Yeah, they were doing the same thing there.  And they were riding the freight trains.  Wasn't surprising at all to see somebody at your back door asking for sandwich or a cup of soup or something.  And they moved from here to there just trying to get by, trying to live.

 AKK:              And it wasn't considered sort of unrespectable at that time, it was just what did you do.  At least they were moving around trying to get work?

 WDK:             Right, right, right.  And they would come and say "Can I chop wood for the day for a meal?" and all that. No, it was tough, it was very tough times. People are more familiar with it in the United States but it was the same in Canada.  It was exactly the same.

 

 

 

People moving, taking odd jobs  “Honey Wagon”, Relief & Welfare

[excerpt see jw00se04.doc para 5]

 

  AKK:             Basically, people were moving around.  They were doing anything.  They put all their belongings from the farm on the car or whatever and moved to the next town and tried to get something?

 WDK:             We also lived on, what you call here Welfare. We call it Relief there.  But the men worked for it.  They would give them city jobs going around picking up garbage and junk.  They would work so many days for that.  Then they would get tickets for clothes and money for the family.  They would get, vouchers. So my father worked at jobs like that.

 AKK:              Since they did not have something like running sewage from the outhouses, did they have to go around and clean them out?

 JJK:                The honey wagons.

 WDK:             That's right.  They had to go and pick that up.  That was a terrible job. 

 AKK:              Did they have honey wagons down here too?

 JJK:                Not to my knowledge, no. They probably had been in different parts of the states. They just didn't have them in Brooklyn where we're brought up.

 AKK:              But you knew about the honey wagons and you had heard her stories.

 JJK:                Well I heard her stories...

 WDK:             We didn't call them honey wagons up there though.  No, but they had lots of funny stories about it. But the outhouses were built for it, with the trap door that came up in the back.

 JJK:                Sure, when I went with her and met members of her family before we got married they had the back houses right there.  Still there, this is in the city of Edmonton and of course up on Lesser Slave Lake they had the same thing.

 

 

The interviews provided a glimpse of the different type of background and experiences Jack and Wanda had before they met in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory.  The early school experiences may have been the most different.

 

  Wanda's Schooling and sports

Wanda was originally in a one room school house. But at 11 years of age, she moved to the capital of the Alberta providence, Edmonton. Wanda had some initial trouble adjusting to the city but by the time she reached high school she had the opportunity to be considered for a feeder team to the famous Canadian girls Olympic  basketball team.

Adjustment From a One room schoolhouse to city /school -WDK

[excerpt for full see jw00se04.doc para 02]

 AKK:              We were talking about you going from a one room schoolhouse to having 40 children in class.  What was that like for you?

 WDK:             Scary, it was really overwhelming.  When I look back. I didn't like it.  I was very unhappy for quite awhile.  I did not want to leave the farm in the first place.  You leave all the animals ,including  your horse which you rode all the time. All the great things about a farm you leave to go to the city. And then of course there are all the city kids that are making fun of the hicks from the farm.

 AKK:              How old were you?

 WDK:             Eleven.

 AKK:              They all had bicycles when you had a horse?  Some of them had bicycles?

 WDK:             Not all of them.

 

  High School Career Planning l  –WDK

WDK              So, I finished up at the Eastwood school.  I finished there and went to start grade nine, which was high school at Eastwood.  I went there for two years, grade nine and 10.  And then talked my parents into letting me go to a commercial high school.  To switch. Because I wanted to take commercial courses.

 

 

 

Schlesinger reports that in 1935 in New England, basketball was regarded as primarily a pastime for girls [B02-N01]  Wanda has an interesting story about a long-legged Canadian girl drawn to the sport but withdrawing because of some unwanted attention.

 

Basketball  –WDK

[excerpt for full see jw00se04.doc para 03]

 

 AKK:              You knew you weren't going to go to the University so you thought...

  WDK:                        I didn't want to be a teacher, I didn't want to be a nurse.  My father really wanted me to be a nurse.  I had no desire to be a nurse at that time.  And I certainly didn't want to teach.  I wanted to get secretarial skills, which I did.  I went to commercial high school and graduated from there.  We had the Olympic girls basketball team came from Edmonton.  The Edmonton Grads, and they played all over the United States.  Because girls basketball was very much in for those years. I wanted to play and I did play on the team, but they made so much fun of my long legs, and we wore short shorts, so I quit playing.

  AKK:             Was this the other girls who make fun, or the boys?

 WDK:             No, the guys. They would be whistling and would be calling us “snake hips” and all these remarks, and I just hated it.  So I just quit playing basketball.

 AKK:              Was your father encouraging you to play?

 WDK:             Of course. He thought I was stupid when I quit.

 AKK:              You enjoyed it. It was just that other part of it?

 WDK:             I didn't like everyone looking at me and making fun of me.

 AKK:              Did they travel some too?

 WDK:             0h, yeah.  They went all over.  They went all over the United States.  And as I said, I don't know where they did the Olympics.  1936 I think.

 AKK:              Then that was the last one.  The didn't get canceled for the war then?

  JJK:               They canceled out 1940.

  AKK:             So, did you travel with them at all?

 WDK:             No, no, I just played on school team there.  But some also [later played on the Grads].

AKK:               That was the feeder teams?

 WDK:             Right. Right.  The principal of the school was coach of the basketball team

 AKK:              So he was encouraging you.  Were you considered tall?

            WDK:              I was five foot six.  Which was quite tall in those days I guess? But, I was all arms and legs and I didn't like the comments.

               

Polio, Jack Schooling and Sports Illustrated presentation

Schlesinger notes that summers of his youth were haunted by the specter of infantile paralysis, as polio was then known. Children were forbidden from swimming pools and crowded places. [B02-N02]  As Jack Keefe puts it, he was one of the "lucky ones" who contacted polio during that time. The following  excerpt based on an interview for a popular sports magazine in 1987 tells this story best. Jack’s parents resisted placing him in special schools because of Jack’s polio produced disability to his leg. They believed in keeping their son in the “mainstream”. He walked with the aid of crutches or braces and was a very active youth. Eventually Jack excelled in swimming related sports on his high school, college and national ranked community teams.

 

Jack Keefe Family

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Figure 1 = 4.a        1918        Jack and Bessie Keefe with 3 Children: Tom, Frank, & Jack    Jack would be teased later to say his father had the ventriloquist's dummy on his lap

Figure 2 = 4.b       1927       Jack Keefe, in Scout Uniform                Bath Beach, Brooklyn

 

 

Excerpt of Jack's  Story as reported in SPOTLIGHT 23 March 1987, Sports Illustrated

A MASTER OF A SWIMMER :  Undeterred by Polio, .Jack Keefe is a top backstroker at 71

  By RICHARD DEMAK Excerpt:

[for complete text see jk87mr24.doc]       

Jack Keefe always sits with his right leg crossed over his left. That's the way he has sat for nearly 70 years. In October 1916, 18 months after he was born, the poliomyelitis virus withered his right leg It made the leg 4'/i inches shorter than the left one and no bigger around than a the left one and no bigger around than a  Little League bat barrel. Recalling the illness that would change his life, Keefe says quietly, "There were other children in our family, plus all the kids that I played with—the Schlesinger kids and the Greenfield kids, right next door to us. No one came down with polio except me. I was the chosen one.” The chosen one went on to become a superb swimmer with powerful shoulders and arms and a muscular torso that tapered to a slim waist.

 

Keefe was one of the best high school swimmers on Long Island in the early 1930s and later one of the best water polo players in the country. He was, and is, a physical man. He bench-pressed 354 pounds in 1937, when he weighed only 147 pounds. In order to strengthen his upper body, he lifted logs over his head and walked down flights of stairs on his hands. He played baseball, football and Handball. Today at 71, he's one of the best masters swimmers in the country.

 

 After not swimming competitively for almost 50 years, Keefe began entering masters events three years ago. Since then he has rarely finished out of the first five in national championships, and for the past two years, he has ranked in the top 10 in the 70-74 age division in variety of backstroke events. At the 1985 Empire State Games in Buffalo, Keefe won the 50-, 100- and 200-meter backstrokes. He got two fourths and a fifth at the National Masters Championships in Gresham, Ore., last August.

 

His routine there was the same as it is at every meet. He sat on the concrete deck surrounding the pool, his back propped against the stands and his crutches and brace laid at his side. When the time came for one of his events, he hobbled to his lane, his right hand clutched around his right knee so that the arm could thrust the leg forward. He slid into the water, turned around and wrapped his hands around the railing of the starting block. He drew his left knee toward his chest while the foot pressed against the pool wall. The leg was poised to uncoil when he heard the gun. His right leg hung limply beneath him.

 

 [photo Caption page 1 of article: At meets Keefe supports the religious bent of one of his kids. Pictured wearing "Sri Chinmoy Marathon Team" sweatshirt]

 

 

During a race Keefe's backstroke looks like everybody else's, but the splash from his leg kick is smaller. "I try to get some kick out of both legs," he says. "I have a pretty powerful left leg, but the other leg dangles. Someone joked that I might be better off if they had amputated that right leg so that I  could lessen the drag. I guess he's right, but the hell with it."

 

 On July 4, 1983, some 11 months before; Keefe had begun swimming in competition again, William Rynne and his wife, Virginia, hosted their annual Independence Day cocktail party at their home in Tuxedo Park, N.Y. Rynne won the Distinguished Flying Cross in World War II, during which he shot down five planes and later was shot down himself' and tortured as a prisoner of war. Rynne knows something about heroism. But when Rynne introduced his friend Keefe to his guests, he told them that his hero was Jack Keefe.

 

 Says Rynne, "People have given me many medals and dinners, but what I had was just physical courage. It doesn't compare to the spiritual courage of Jack. He's a genuine hero."

 

 Although Keefe's leg kept the hero's hero out of World War II, it didn't stop him from competing in sports. "He was always first over the fence at the Valley Stream pool," recalls Jack Farrell, who has known Keefe since their boyhood days in Queens and was a teammate on their high school and college swim teams. "He used his crutches to vault over." Keefe was part of an athletic family.

 

"My father never pushed us, but he always had all the equipment ready," Keefe says. "He would play catch with me by the hour. I told him I was going to be a big leaguer. He never said anything but 'O.K.' " Before playing basketball at Seton Hall, Jack's younger brother, George, was a starting guard on the New York City championship team  from Andrew Jackson High, the same  school that produced guard Bob Cousy.

 

The best athlete in the family might have been Charlie, another brother. He died at age 14 while exercising in the basement of their house. He was doing chin-ups when he caught himself on a wire and was strangled. For weeks Jack's father would go to the basement and scream. Twenty-nine years later George was killed in a car accident, and that, too, traumatized Jack's father. "It was not exactly the kind of life that my father had envisioned," says Jack. "Two sons were killed and another had polio."

 

 

Principal wanted Keefe to go to a special school

 When the Keefes moved to the St. Albans section of Queens in 1928, the principal at the local public school wouldn't accept Jack; he wanted the boy sent to a special school. His parents didn't believe in special schools. Fortunately, Jack was already too good an athlete to be labeled "disabled," and he gained admission to another public school. As a high school senior in 1933, Keefe won the 100-meter backstroke at the Long Island inter-scholastic championships

 

 [Page 2 Photo Caption: Keefe consistently finishes in the top five in  his age division in national championships Pictured doing backstroke in the pool].

 

 Keefe, however, knew that his leg would prevent him from ever becoming a top-flight collegiate swimmer. So at St. Francis College in Brooklyn he turned his attention to water polo, which required less speed but more stamina. He played goalie on the Central Queens YMCA team that won the Junior Nationals in 1935 and finished second in the Seniors the next two years. He also practiced with the powerful New York Athletic Club team. "When I first met him, the first day of college, he was on crutches, with his  shriveled leg dangling like a dead leaf," says Rynne. "One day he said he'd like me to come over and watch him work out at the New York Athletic Club. I laughed. What was he doing at the NYAC? I went and saw that he was playing water polo with some of the best players in the world. And he was good. That's when I began to evaluate what kind of person was in there. He had the heart of a lion.

 

 

Jack and Wanda’s Yukon Work Experience

 

 

Jack and Wanda met and worked together in the Yukon. I have used their words to give a sense of what it was like for their colleagues to arrive in this new place, adjust and establish new friendships and experiences.

 

 This first story illustrates the long summer nights of the Yukon and that people born in various places who came together in remote locations to work during the War found or created opportunities for recreation

 

Midnight Recreation Picnics 

 [excerpt for complete see jw00se04.doc Para 6]

J.K.                  Now, why don't you tell him [the interviewer] about the dancing and so forth up there in Whitehorse?

 WDK:             He wanted to know about the first date when we met.  That's what you're waiting for.

JJK:                 Right!  (Chuckle) but before that she was in Whitehorse for about six months, it seldom got dark.  So the people up there availed themselves of the opportunity to go partying and to go dancing.  Right Wanda?

 WDK:             And on picnics,  up to Lake Kluane. You'd work until 10 or 12 o'clock at night sometimes overtime and then we would take a picnic lunch with us.  I was very good friends with the baker.  We would  tell him what we wanted, he would pack us a picnic lunch and then we would go up to Lake Kluane or somewhere else.

 AKK:              That was ten miles away or something?  Did you go by horse?  Or did you have a car?

 WDK:             No, some 50 or 60 miles away.  No, no, no that's when we had jeeps and command Cars and things [from the company]

JJK:                 And army jeeps.

 WDK:             And army jeeps.  No, I had quite a summer.  Because it just never got dark.  (Chuckle)

 AKK:              So, you are get home 3:00 in the morning and have to be up at eight?

 WDK:             Yeah, you would get real tired but then you would get your second wind. And it was like... .  Okay, but I was young too.

 AKK:              How old were you there?

 WDK:             21.

 JJK:                By the time I got there in October, it was getting dark most of the time and beginning to get a little bit on the chilly side.  So, her forays into the dancing field in the evening were ended by then.

 WDK:             No they weren’t.  I still went to the dances.  I still went to the dances.

 JJK:                Oh, oh yeah but it was dark.  It would get dark about five and six o'clock.

 WDK:             Right, right that was the bad part of the winter because it was dark most of the time there.  Summer was great.  But in the winter we went to work in the dark and we --

 JJK:                It got light at 10:00 and got dark again at three in the afternoon

[B-2 Web version Continued in B-02b]

END Note list for B-2

 

End Note [EN] Part-Sect-Note

Author

Source

Abbreviated reference to Source

Page

B02-N01

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.

A Life in the 20th Century

AL20C

Pp 117

B02-N02 

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.

A Life in the 20th Century

AL20C

Pp 060

B02-N03

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.

A Life in the 20th Century

AL20C

Pp 094

B02-N04

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.

A Life in the 20th Century

AL20C

Pp 142, 146, 152

B02-N05

Jeffries, John W.. 

Wartime in America: The World War II Home Front

WA

Pp 073

B02-N06

Menzies, Don. Editor.

The Alaska Highway, A Saga of the North.

AHSN

Pp 001-040

B02-N07

Jeffries, John W.. 

Wartime in America: The World War II Home Front

WA

Pp 087

B02-N08

Jeffries, John W.. 

Wartime in America: The World War II Home Front

WA

Pp 071

B02-N09

Jeffries, John W.. 

Wartime in America: The World War II Home Front

WA

Pp 077

B02-N10

Jeffries, John W.. 

Wartime in America: The World War II Home Front

WA

Pp 080

B02-N11

Jeffries, John W.. 

Wartime in America: The World War II Home Front

WA

Pp 120-133

 

 

 

 

 

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